CAMERA

Camera

Camera have 2 main function

1. 1-detection-->The range upto which we can detect the object that it is animal, human, car etc.
2. 2-Identification-->The range upto which we can Identify the object that it is which type animal or name of human or car number etc. The identification range is always less than detection range for example if identification range is 6 meter then detection range may be upto 50 meter

Camera specification

• Lens mount
• Viewing angle->Viewing angle may be 50 degree,180 degree,360 degree
• Effective pixels
• IR LEDs-e.g-30 IR LEDs
• Frame rates-e.g 1 Mega pixels 30 frames per second(fps)
• Image output:-1280*720p

video Compression

H.264 video encoding:-if we use this encoding with 2 Mega pixels camera which is working 24 hours the amount of data around 32GB(approximately) will be generated H.265 video encoding:-if we use this encoding with 2 Mega pixels camera which is working 24 hours the amount of data around 24GB(approximately) will be generated

Image sensor(CCD and CMOS)

CCD and CMOS sensor are made of photosites that is commanly known as Pixels.In both sensor the process are: Light is convert into Charge->In this way charge is Accumulated->This charge is transfer and convert into voltage and then we amplify that voltage CCD(Charge Coupled Device)

• Typical Voltage:7V to 10 V(More power consumption)
• processing speed:-less
• Noise:-less
• Dynamic range:-high
• when we required high dynamic range and low noise then we use CCD e.g:-space application

CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

• Typical Voltage:3.3V to 5 V(less power consumption)
• processing speed:-high
• Noise:-high
• Dynamic range:-low
• when we need fast processing speed and low power consumption then we use CMOS sensor e.g:-mobile phone

CCTV(Closed Circuit Television)

Different type of camera
1-analog camera
2-IP camera

1. Dome shaped camera->These type of camera are mostly install indoor
2. Bullet camera->These type of camera are mostly install outdoor.They are water and dust resistance
3. Varifocal camera->A varifocal lens camera is a camera with variable focal length.In a varifocal camera you can adjust focal length of camera or do zoom
4. PTZ(Pan-tilt-Zoom) camera->A PTZ Camera is a camera with mechanical parts,which allow the camera and lens to move
• pan->panning means moving in parallel (or horizontally)
• tile->rotates up and down in vertical plane
• Zoom->zoom means moves so that something seem much closer or further away

Analog CCTV

camera->DVR->LCD | DC Power supply of 12 volt In Analog CCTV we use BNC connector BNC connector full form:-Bayonet(indicate its shape) Neill(Electrical enginerr Paul Neill) concelman(Electrical enginerr Carl Concelman)

DVR(Digital Video Recoder)

• DVR is a analog system
• In case of DVR for video we use Co-Axial cable and connector BNC connector.But we can also use CAT6 cable with Video Balun.
• In case of DVR for video we use Co-Axial cable and connector BNC connector.But we can also use CAT6 cable with Video Balun.
• full form of Balun(BALance to UNbalanced) is a electrical device that converts a balance signal into an unbalanced signal. Video balun also known as UTP baluns.In video balun balance signal(on Balun+ and Balun-) and an unbalanced signal(BNC connector).

Specification of DVR

• Channel->It may be 4 channel or 8 channel or 32 channel. Number of channel = maximun number of camera we can connect
• Quality of image can be capture->It may be 720p or it may be 1080p or it may be 1080p HDCVI(High Definition Composite Video Interface)
• support memory->it may be upto 4TB or 6TB
• port->HDMI OR VGI
• USB Ports->Port for mouse or Port for external backup hard drive.It may be USB 2.0 or USB 3.0(high speed data transfer)
• Warranty period

Two types of co-axial cable are used in case of DVR (1) 3+1 CCTV Cable – A 3+1 CCTV cable have 1 Video Cable and 3 other cables which is used for power, and audio. (2) 4+1 CCTV Cable –In 4+1 CCTV Cable there is 1 Video Cable and 4 other cable which can be used in power, audio and fourth one can be used for controlling PTZ cameras.

IP CCTV

camera->POE Switch->NVR->LCD POE(Power Over Ethernet) Switch POE(Power Over Ethernet) Switch is a network switch that has power over Ethernet.If we have POE switch and POE camera in that case we does not need to give power separately to our camera.The power from switch to camera goes through POE switch and it also work as switch.

NVR(Network Video Recoder)

• NVR is a digital system
• In case of NVR for video we use Ethernet cable.Which is a CAT6 cable with RJ45 connector
• Specification of NVR are also same as DVR.But in NVR camera is first connecter to IP switches then from IP switch we connect NVR

Surveillance hard drive

In both DVR and NVR we install a hard drive for storing data of CCTV.In DVR and NVR we does not use normal hard drive we use surveillance hard drive surveillance hard drive has more perfomance and it can work 24 house.It is specially design for Surveillance.